Linux yum 命令
Linux yum 命令
yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 SUSE 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。
基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum 提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。
yum 语法
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
- options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为 "yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
- command：要进行的操作。
- package：安装的包名。
yum常用命令
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1. 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
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2. 更新所有软件命令：yum update
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3. 仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install
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4. 仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update
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5. 列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
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6. 删除软件包命令：yum remove
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7. 查找软件包命令：yum search
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8. 清除缓存命令:
- yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
- yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
- yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
- yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers
实例 1
安装 pam-devel
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[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel Setting up Install Process Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies <==先检查软件的属性相依问题 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05 filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00 -> Finished Dependency Resolution ……(省略)
实例 2
移除 pam-devel
[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies <==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Removing: pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) <==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件 Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1] Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 Complete!
实例 3
利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些？
[root@www ~]# yum list pam* Installed Packages pam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installed pam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installed pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installed pam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installed pam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installed pam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installed Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的 pam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base pam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base
国内 yum 源
网易（163）yum 源是国内较好的 yum 源之一 ，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。
将yum源设置为163 yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。
安装步骤
首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份)
- CentOS5 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
- CentOS6 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
- CentOS7 ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
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